{"id":23312,"date":"2020-03-16T18:04:28","date_gmt":"2020-03-16T18:04:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/dev.yogaesoteric.net\/parapsychology-en\/call-of-the-forest-the-forgotten-wisdom-of-trees\/"},"modified":"2020-03-16T18:04:28","modified_gmt":"2020-03-16T18:04:28","slug":"call-of-the-forest-the-forgotten-wisdom-of-trees","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yogaesoteric.net\/en\/call-of-the-forest-the-forgotten-wisdom-of-trees\/","title":{"rendered":"Call of the forest \u2013 the forgotten wisdom of trees"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<p>  &#160;<br \/>\n  Story at a glance:<br \/>\n  &#8226; Forest bathing has psychological and<br \/>\nphysiological effects;<br \/>\n  &#8226; Trees emit compounds that boost the<br \/>\nimmune system and provide relaxation;<br \/>\n  &#8226; 60% of medicines contain tree<br \/>\ncompounds;<br \/>\n  &#8226; Soil contains bacteria that work<br \/>\nsimilarly to antidepressants;<br \/>\n  &#8226; Native forests are disappearing due<br \/>\nto deforestation and tree farming;<br \/>\n  &#8226; Native forests are crucial to land,<br \/>\nair, oceans and marine life.<\/p>\n<p>    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/all_uploads\/uploads5\/martie 2020\/16\/22718_1.jpg\" align=\"center\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p>  Most of us have experienced the beneficial<br \/>\nresults of immersing ourselves in nature and being enveloped by trees. We experience<br \/>\nan immediate relaxation, an ability to forget our problems and often a profound awe<br \/>\nat nature&#8217;s secrets.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>  The documentary Call Of The Forest &#8211;<br \/>\nThe Forgotten Wisdom of Trees adds to the scientifically supported<br \/>\npsychological and physiological effects associated with spending time in the woods.<br \/>\nIt shows how trees and forests intricately affect the land, sea and air around them<br \/>\nand are essential to flora and fauna.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>  Experts included in the documentary postulate<br \/>\nthat trees were the very beginning of life on earth, which was nothing but a<br \/>\n&#8220;rock&#8221; until the appearance of trees and the organic matter called<br \/>\nhumus.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>  But Call Of The Forest also shows the<br \/>\ndevastating effects of deforestation, removal of native trees, &#8220;tree<br \/>\nfarming&#8221; (in which trees are made into monoculture crops) and the lumber<br \/>\nindustry. Luckily, some people like Diana Beresford-Kroeger, a classical botanist,<br \/>\nmedical biochemist and author who has studied rare tree species for more than 40<br \/>\nyears, are committed to stopping these dangerous trends and instilling in the public<br \/>\na greater awareness and respect for forests.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>    <strong>Trees have formidable and healing<br \/>\npowers<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>  &#8220;We have missed the essentials of what<br \/>\na tree is all about,&#8221; says Beresford-Kroeger at the beginning of the<br \/>\ndocumentary, which brings viewers to Japan, Ireland and the Redwood forests in the<br \/>\nUnited States, as well as the Boreal forest of Canada. Beresford-Kroeger says that<br \/>\nin Japan, &#8220;forest bathing,&#8221; also known as Shinrin-yoku, is a<br \/>\nrevered and long-standing tradition. It means taking in the forest through our<br \/>\nsenses.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>  Tree bathers avail themselves of medicinal<br \/>\nproperties, says Beresford-Kroeger, as 60% of all medicines use tree elements.<br \/>\nLimonene, produced by trees, is an anticancer compound used in chemotherapy.<br \/>\nLinolenic acids are &#8220;essential acids for development and functioning of<br \/>\nthe brain&#8221; and pinenes are an antibiotic compound. Trees also emit<br \/>\nalpha-Pinene, beta-Pinene, bornyl acetate and camphor compounds, according to the<br \/>\ndocumentary.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>  The bottom line, says Beresford-Kroeger as she<br \/>\nforest bathes herself, is that the tree compounds &#8220;are giving me a<br \/>\nslightly narcotic effect&#8221; boosting the immune system and relaxing the<br \/>\nbody. All those positive chemicals &#8220;are now in my lungs&#8221; she<br \/>\ntells viewers as birds chirp and leaves rustle during her forest bath.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>    <strong>At home on the farm<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>  Beresford-Kroeger, who is originally from<br \/>\nIreland, keeps a farm in Ontario, Canada, which displays the results of her<br \/>\nsteadfast and dedicated devotion to native and rare plants and reforestation. In the<br \/>\ndocumentary she shows viewers a black walnut tree, known by the genus Juglaus<br \/>\nNigra, which she says she planted 30 years ago as a seed. It is now<br \/>\ntowering.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>  Showcasing the globe-like fruit of the walnut<br \/>\ntree (which she points out is actually a nut), Beresford-Kroeger says the nut<br \/>\npossesses minerals and other valuable substances &#8220;that are scarce in our<br \/>\nfood these days.&#8221; The compounds protect the myelin sheaths in human cells<br \/>\nand people should eat them three or four times a day, she advises. &#8220;These<br \/>\nnuts are better than any beef on the market,&#8221; she remarks.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>  As the author of books like To Speak for the<br \/>\nTrees: My Life&#8217;s Journey from Ancient Celtic Wisdom to a Healing Vision of the<br \/>\nForest, and The Global Forest: Forty Ways Trees Can Save Us,<br \/>\nBeresford-Kroeger sees the development of native species as a crucial tool against<br \/>\nenvironmental degradation challenges. Native forests are &#8220;our cheapest and<br \/>\nbest defense against climate change,&#8221; she asserts.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>    <strong>Native forests are irreplaceable but<br \/>\ndisappearing<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/all_uploads\/uploads5\/martie 2020\/16\/22718_2.jpg\" align=\"center\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p>  Professor Akira Miyawaki, who lives in Tokyo, has<br \/>\nspent 50 years planting and restoring native species forest systems. Building small<br \/>\ncity forests is important to offset the effects of the built environment with its<br \/>\nexpanses of concrete and pavement, he says. But less than 1% of native forests now<br \/>\nremain in Japan so the battle is far from won.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>  In the past, Japan cut down mass expanses of<br \/>\ntrees to make farmland, only to find devastation produced a barren desert where<br \/>\nnothing could or would grow. According to the documentary, the decimation of trees,<br \/>\nwhich has occurred in many developed countries, disregards the intricate mineral<br \/>\ninterplay that exists between natural forests and the rest of the environment since<br \/>\niron is the foundation of the food chain.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>  It is &#8220;fulvic acid which attracts and<br \/>\nlocks in the iron molecules,&#8221; explains professor Katsuhiko Matsunaga, a<br \/>\nmarine chemist featured in Call Of The Forest. And where does fulvic acid<br \/>\ncome from? Decaying leaves, he says. Moreover, marine life needs and depends on<br \/>\nminerals emitted by natural forests as well as nitrogen. Without forests there are<br \/>\nliterally no fish, he warns.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>    <strong>Native forests affect the land, oceans<br \/>\nand air<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>  In addition to their land and marine benefits,<br \/>\ntrees also function as &#8220;condenser units,&#8221; says Beresford-<br \/>\nKroeger &#8211; collecting and preserving potable water. For example, redwood trees,<br \/>\nthe tallest conifers on the planet, participate in a crucial environmental cycle<br \/>\nwith the Pacific Ocean: They trap mist from the ocean, pull moisture up from the<br \/>\naquifer (rock which holds groundwater) and then replenish the aquifer with<br \/>\ncondensation from ocean mist.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>  &#8220;A redwood is the largest carbon-<br \/>\nbearing living organism on earth,&#8221; says Professor Emeritus Bill Libby, a<br \/>\ngeneticist at UC Berkeley who was featured in the documentary. &#8220;They are<br \/>\ngrowing faster than they ever have in their life,&#8221; yet the ones we see<br \/>\ntoday are actually smaller and less robust than the redwoods our ancestors cut<br \/>\ndown.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>  To convey their immensity, Beresford-Kroeger says<br \/>\nit would take an entire town of 13,000 people to balance the weight of a redwood<br \/>\ntree if it were put on a scale.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>    <strong>Nature produces a natural<br \/>\nantidepressant<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>  The soil of the forest also has healing powers,<br \/>\naccording to a report in The Atlantic: &#8220;&#8216;If you hold moist<br \/>\nsoil for 20 minutes,&#8217; says Craig Chalquist, chair of the East-West Psychology<br \/>\nDepartment at the California Institute of Integral Studies, &#8216;the soil bacteria<br \/>\nbegin elevating your mood. You have all the antidepressant you need in the<br \/>\nground&#8217;.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>  Chalquist is not the only scientist noting this<br \/>\nadditional benefit of forests and trees. A 2007 article in the journal<br \/>\nNeuroscience found soil bacteria called Mycobacterium vaccae can<br \/>\nincrease serotonin, so soil works in a similar fashion to an antidepressant:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>  &#8220;We have found that peripheral immune<br \/>\nactivation with antigens derived from the nonpathogenic, saprophytic bacterium,<br \/>\nMycobacterium vaccae, activated a specific subset of serotonergic neurons in the<br \/>\ninterfascicular part of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRI) of mice, as measured by<br \/>\nquantification of c-Fos expression following intratracheal (12 h) or s.c. (6 h)<br \/>\nadministration of heat-killed, ultrasonically disrupted M. vaccae, or heat-killed,<br \/>\nintact M. vaccae, respectively &#8230;<\/p>\n<p>    The effects of immune activation were<br \/>\nassociated with increases in serotonin metabolism within the ventromedial prefrontal<br \/>\ncortex, consistent with an effect of immune activation on mesolimbocortical<br \/>\nserotonergic systems.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>    <strong>More soil benefits<br \/>\nhypothesized<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>  In 2017, it was reported in the same journal that<br \/>\nwhen mice ingested Mycobacterium vaccae it also reduced anxiety:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>  &#8220;In this preliminary research, we show<br \/>\nthat mice fed live M. vaccae prior to and during a maze learning task demonstrated a<br \/>\nreduction in anxiety- related behaviors and maze completion time, when tested at<br \/>\nthree maze difficulty levels over 12 trials for four weeks. Treated mice given M.<br \/>\nvaccae in their reward completed the maze twice as fast as controls, and with<br \/>\nreduced anxiety-related behaviors.In a consecutive set of 12 maze trials without M.<br \/>\nvaccae exposure, treated mice continued to run the maze faster for the first three<br \/>\ntrials, and with fewer errors overall, suggesting a treatment persistence of about<br \/>\none week.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>  Research in Annals of Oncology even<br \/>\nsuggests the soil component may be useful in treating cancer:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>  &#8220;In this non-placebo controlled trial,<br \/>\nSRL172 when added to standard cancer chemotherapy significantly improved patient<br \/>\nquality of life without affecting overall survival times.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>    <strong>Exposure to trees may have other health<br \/>\nbenefits<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/all_uploads\/uploads5\/martie 2020\/16\/22718_3.jpg\" align=\"center\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p>  The widely observed calming effects of trees may<br \/>\nalso have a biological component, according to research published in 2015 in the<br \/>\nProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of<br \/>\nAmerica:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>  &#8220;We show in healthy participants that a<br \/>\nbrief nature experience, a 90-min walk in a natural setting, decreases both self-<br \/>\nreported rumination and neural activity in the subgenual prefrontal cortex (sgPFC),<br \/>\nwhereas a 90-min walk in an urban setting has no such effects on self-reported<br \/>\nrumination or neural activity.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>    In other studies, the sgPFC has been<br \/>\nassociated with a self-focused behavioral withdrawal linked to rumination in both<br \/>\ndepressed and healthy individuals. This study reveals a pathway by which nature<br \/>\nexperience may improve mental well-being and suggests that accessible natural areas<br \/>\nwithin urban contexts may be a critical resource for mental health in our rapidly<br \/>\nurbanizing world.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>  Recovery from gallbladder surgery was even<br \/>\nhastened when patients viewed trees, according to research in the journal<br \/>\nScience:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>  &#8220;Records on recovery after<br \/>\ncholecystectomy of patients in a suburban Pennsylvania hospital between 1972 and<br \/>\n1981 were examined to determine whether assignment to a room with a window view of a<br \/>\nnatural setting might have restorative influences.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>    Twenty-three surgical patients assigned to<br \/>\nrooms with windows looking out on a natural scene had shorter postoperative hospital<br \/>\nstays, received fewer negative evaluative comments in nurses&#8217; notes, and took<br \/>\nfewer potent analgesics than 23 matched patients in similar rooms with windows<br \/>\nfacing a brick building wall.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>    <strong>A prescription for parks?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>  With all the benefits of trees and natural<br \/>\nforests will doctors soon be prescribing parks to their patients? It is already<br \/>\nhappening, according to a report in The Atlantic. Dr. Robert Zarr, a<br \/>\npediatrician in Washington, D.C., actually writes prescriptions for parks: He pulls<br \/>\nout a prescription pad and scribbles instructions &#8211; which park his obese or<br \/>\ndiabetic or anxious or depressed patient should visit, on which days, and for how<br \/>\nlong &#8211; just as though he were prescribing medication&#8230;<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>  Zarr is part of a small but growing group of<br \/>\nhealth-care professionals who are essentially medicalizing nature. He relies on a<br \/>\ncompendium of 382 local parks &#8211; the product of meticulous mapping and rating<br \/>\nof green spaces, based on accessibility, safety, and amenities &#8211; that he<br \/>\nhelped create for DC Park Rx, a community-health initiative.&#160;<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>  The Washington program was one of the first in<br \/>\nthe United States; there are now at least 150 others. Park prescriptions are a low-<br \/>\nrisk, low-cost intervention that, in Zarr&#8217;s experience, people are quick to<br \/>\naccept. And sure, people are more likely to move around in a park than they are when<br \/>\nwatching TV, but there may be more to it than that. Researchers in the United<br \/>\nKingdom found that when people did physical activities in natural settings instead<br \/>\nof &#8220;synthetic environments,&#8221; they experienced less anger,<br \/>\nfatigue, and sadness. A 2015 study in Proceedings of the National Academy of<br \/>\nSciences reported that walking in a park reduced blood flow to a part of the<br \/>\nbrain that the researchers claimed was typically associated with brooding.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>    <strong>yogaesoteric<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>    <strong>March 16, 2020<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>  &#160;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#160; Story at a glance: &#8226; Forest bathing has psychological and physiological effects; &#8226; Trees emit compounds that boost the immune system and provide relaxation; &#8226; 60% of medicines contain tree compounds; &#8226; Soil contains bacteria that work similarly to antidepressants; &#8226; Native forests are disappearing due to deforestation and tree farming; &#8226; Native forests [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[35],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-23312","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-parapsychology-en"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/yogaesoteric.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23312","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/yogaesoteric.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/yogaesoteric.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yogaesoteric.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yogaesoteric.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=23312"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/yogaesoteric.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23312\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/yogaesoteric.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23312"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yogaesoteric.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=23312"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yogaesoteric.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=23312"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}